These notes often include both the page number and the line or paragraph number for the quoted material.Įndnotes are commonly used in scholarly journals and books but they can also be used in other types of writing. Textual notes look like regular quotations but they cite words or phrases from another source. These notes are simple citations and usually contain only the page number on which the word or phrase can be found. Parenthetical notes appear inside the text and are used to indicate a word or phrase that cannot be reproduced in print due to space constraints.

There are two types of endnotes: parenthetical and textual. They can also be used to highlight important points within the text by referring readers back to the source. Endnotes are used to provide additional information about sources that cannot be included in the text or illustrations because of space limitations. Endnotes are commonly used in academic papers whereas footnotes are typically found in books and journals.Ĭitations in endnotes begin with the word 'endnote' followed by a number.Įndnote: A research note at the conclusion of a research article mentioning a specific source or offering a brief explanatory comment that is organized sequentially in proportion to where the reference appears in the document. Both endnotes and footnotes can be used to acknowledge authorship, source, and other pertinent information about items cited within the text. Footnotes are placed at the bottom of pages or between the lines of printed material such as chapters or sections. Endnotes allow you to refer back to particular parts of sources while maintaining the flow of the document.

You do this by using footnotes or endnotes. When writing articles for publication, it is necessary to give credit to other people's ideas and work. Although it is acceptable to use endnotes with abstracts and introductions, these elements should not have more than four endnotes. They are inserted into the manuscript at the end, either before or after the references list. Endnotes are used to provide additional information beyond what can be included in the main body of the text.Įndnotes can also be referred to as footnotes, note citations, or reference notes. A superscript number follows your quoted or paraphrased sentence or summary content when utilizing endnotes.

An endnote is a source reference that directs readers to a specific location at the end of the article where they may learn where the information or words quoted or discussed in the paper came from.

How to do an endnote citation